How is in-group bias defined?

In-group bias is defined as a tendency to favor and show preferential treatment for members of one's own group over those in other groups. This phenomenon is rooted in social identity theory, which suggests that individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups. When individuals identify strongly with their own group—whether it be based on ethnicity, nationality, religion, or any other characteristic—they are more likely to perceive members of their group positively and grant them certain privileges.

This bias can manifest in various ways, such as increased trust, support, or assistance for in-group members, while individuals outside of the group may be viewed with skepticism or even hostility. This preference can help strengthen social bonds within the group and foster a sense of belonging, but it can also contribute to discrimination and prejudice against out-groups. Understanding in-group bias is essential in social psychology, as it sheds light on interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, and societal issues such as conflict and cooperation.