What does groupthink typically lead to in decision-making?

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group when the desire for harmony or conformity leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision-making. When groupthink takes hold, members of the group prioritize consensus over critical analysis, which can result in agreements that overlook or dismiss alternative viewpoints. This can stifle creativity and the examination of diverse opinions, as individuals may feel pressured to conform to the prevailing sentiment.

The nature of groupthink often means that dissenting voices are not adequately heard or considered, which undermines the group's ability to evaluate all options thoroughly. This can lead to less effective decisions, as the group's members may not address important risks or consider innovative solutions that could improve outcomes. In scenarios governed by groupthink, the push for unity can create an environment where alternative perspectives are not just underappreciated but actively ignored or silenced, resulting in decisions that do not reflect the full range of available information or viewpoints.