What does the term 'group polarization' signify?

Group polarization refers to the phenomenon where, after group discussions, the attitudes or decisions of the group become more extreme than they were prior to the discussion. This typically occurs because members of the group reinforce each other's beliefs, leading to a heightened commitment to those views. In a supportive environment, individuals may feel empowered to express stronger opinions than they would in isolation, resulting in a shift toward more extreme positions.

For instance, if a group of individuals discusses their views on a controversial issue, they might start with varied opinions but end up with more extreme stances after considering each other’s arguments and perspectives. This leads to increased confidence in their collective decision-making, even if those decisions may not reflect a more moderate approach that could be indicated if evaluated individually or in diverse groups. Thus, the correct choice encapsulates the essence of how group dynamics can amplify existing sentiments and lead to more polarized outcomes.