What is social categorization?

Social categorization refers to the cognitive process by which individuals classify people into groups based on shared characteristics or traits. This classification can be based on observable features such as age, gender, race, or other attributes, allowing individuals to simplify complex social environments and make judgments about others quickly.

The process is fundamental to social psychology because it helps in understanding how individuals perceive and interact with one another within their social context. By categorizing people, individuals can draw conclusions about behaviors, attitudes, and expectations associated with particular groups, which can influence interpersonal interactions and attitudes.

While the other choices touch on relevant social concepts, they do not capture the essence of social categorization as defined within social psychology. Forming personal relationships is more focused on one-on-one interactions rather than group classifications. Grouping individuals according to specific demographics like age and gender is a more narrow example, but social categorization encompasses a broader range of traits beyond just demographics. Identifying social norms within a culture relates to understanding behavioral expectations but does not specifically pertain to the classification of individuals into groups.